Originally, the twist rate was 320 mm (1:12.6 in), as it had been designed for use with heavier civilian ammunition. Its bore is chrome-lined for increased corrosion resistance and features four right-hand grooves. The barrel profile is relatively thin to save weight. The rifle's receiver is machined to improve precision by adding torsional strength. After discharging the last cartridge from the magazine, the bolt carrier and bolt are held back on a bolt catch that is released by pulling the cocking handle to the rear. The rifle is fed from a detachable curved box magazine with a 10-round capacity and the cartridges are double-stacked in a staggered zigzag pattern. Position #1 leaves a gas escape port opened, whereas position #2 closes the gas escape port and directs extra gas to the piston, increasing the recoil velocity of the gas-piston system and is used for resolving reliability issues which arise from fouling in the gas port/action, extreme cold, high altitude, or using under-powered ammunition. The gas regulator can be set with the help of the rim of a cartridge. The firearm is operated by a short-stroke gas piston system with a two-position gas regulator. "free-floating", and it is therefore possible for accidental discharge to occur as the bolt pushes an unfired cartridge into the chamber, should there be an obstruction in the firing pin channel resulting from poor maintenance or extreme cold. The firing pin in the SVD is not retained, i.e. However, the SVD was only designed for semi-automatic fire. In addition to the trigger disconnect, the fire control mechanism has a second disconnector which does not allow the hammer to fall until the bolt has been closed, similar to a sear in a select-fire weapon. The rifle has a hammer-type striking mechanism and a manual lever safety selector. The barrel breech is locked through a rotating bolt (left rotation) and uses three locking lugs to engage corresponding locking recesses in the barrel extension. This has occasionally led to misidentification of the SVD as an AK variant, and vice versa. The SVD bears a number of cosmetic similarities to the AK family of rifles but these similarities are for the purpose of standardizing manual of arms. Iran also produced a clone, the Nakhjir 3, which was a direct copy of the Chinese Type 79. China produced a copy of the SVD through reverse-engineered samples captured during the Sino-Vietnamese War as the Type 79 and 85. Since then, the SVD has become the standard squad support weapon of several countries, including those of the former Warsaw Pact. An initial pre-production batch consisting of 200 rifles was assembled for evaluation purposes, and from 1964 serial production was carried out by Izhmash, later called Kalashnikov Concern. Extensive field testing of the rifles conducted in a wide range of environmental conditions (Konstantinov's competing 2B-W-10 prototype was simpler and cheaper but tested less accurate, durable and reliable) resulted in Dragunov's proposal being accepted into service in July 1963. It was developed through 1958–1963 and selected as the winner of a contest that included three competing groups of designers, led by Sergei Simonov (prototype rejected in April 1960), Aleksandr Konstantinov, and Yevgeny Dragunov. At the time, NATO used battle rifles chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO as standard infantry weapon systems and had not yet adopted an intermediate cartridge and assault rifle of their own, allowing them to outrange their Warsaw Pact counterparts. The SVD was designed to serve a squad support role to provide precise long-range engagement capabilities to ordinary troops following the Warsaw Pact adoption of the 7.62×39mm intermediate cartridge and assault rifles as standard infantry weapon systems. The SVD (СВД Russian: Снайперская Винтовка Драгунова, romanized: Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova, lit.'Dragunov Sniper Rifle'), GRAU index 6V1, is a semi-automatic designated marksman rifle chambered in the fully-powered 7.62×54mmR cartridge, developed in the Soviet Union. PSO-1 telescopic sight, 1PN51/ 1PN58 night vision sights and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight
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